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Infographics: The Economic, Consumer Cost, and Pollution Impacts of Recent Federal Energy Policy Changes

Modeling shows federal policy changes since January 2025 will increase energy prices, slow economic growth and job creation, increase air pollution and healthcare costs, and worsen grid reliability.

Multimedia ・ July 8, 2026

This report examines how federal policy changes between January 2025 and May 2026 could affect energy prices, economic growth, air pollution, healthcare costs, jobs, and grid reliability through 2040. Energy Policy Simulator modeling shows that these changes will raise energy costs, worsen public health outcomes, limit new power generation, and increase pressure on household and utility budgets. The analysis focuses on seven major policy shifts and their impacts on families, businesses, and the energy system.

Bar graph showing the increase in household energy spending associated with 2025-26 federal energy policy. Costs rise every year through 2040 for households, peaking at $550 in higher bills per year in 2037. Higher spending is driven by rising gasoline, natural gas, and electricity prices.

Change in Annual Household Energy Spending

Bar graph showing the change in U.S. GDP associated with 2025-26 federal energy policy. Only the coal, oil, and gas sector sees an increase in GDP. Economy-wide GDP falls in all years, peaking at $250 billion annual loss in 2032, and a cumulative $2.3 trillion through 2040.

Change in GDP by Sector

Bar graph showing the change in domestic jobs associated with 2025-26 federal energy policy. Only the coal, oil, and gas sector sees an increase in jobs, peaking at 67,000 added jobs in 2038. Economy wide, the U.S. sees an average of 820,000 lost jobs in each year over the next decade, with peak net job losses of 1.3 million in 2032.

Change in Domestic Jobs by Sector

Bar graph showing the change in annual electricity capacity additions and retirements associated with 2025-26 federal energy policy. Fewer coal plants retire from 2025 to 2035 because of the loss of tax credits for clean electricity, and repeal of EPA GHG, MATS, and ELG rules for power plants. Fewer solar, wind, and battery projects are built through the mid-2030s, largely as a result of OBBBA's early phaseout of tax credits.

Net Annual Change in Electricity Capacity Additions and Retirements

Federal repeal of transportation policies will push prices higher at the pump, adding $440 billion in extra fuel spending to household bills.

Gasoline Costs Of Federal Policies

Federal policies increase household energy bills and healthcare spending. This adds up to $700 billion in extra consumer costs over the next 15 years.

Consumer Costs Of Federal Policies

Infographics: The Economic, Consumer Cost, and Pollution Impacts of Recent Federal Energy Policy Changes

Change in Annual Household Energy Spending

Change in GDP by Sector

Change in Domestic Jobs by Sector

Net Annual Change in Electricity Capacity Additions and Retirements

Gasoline Costs Of Federal Policies

Consumer Costs Of Federal Policies

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Economic, Consumer Cost, and Pollution Impacts of Federal Energy Policy Changes